Background Adequate data collection can enhance the realism of online rendering or offline playback of haptic surface textures. A parallel challenge is to reduce communication delays and improve storage space utilization. Methods Based on the similarity of the short-term amplitude spectrum trend, this study proposes a frequency-domain compression method. A compression framework is designed, which first maps the amplitude spectrum into grayscale images, compresses them with a still image compression method, and then adaptively encodes the maximum amplitude and part of the initial phase for each time window to achieve the final compression. Results The comparison between the original signal and the recovered signal shows that when the time-frequency similarity is 90%, the average compression ratio of our method is 9.85% in the case of a single interaction point. The subjective score for similarity was found to be high, with an average of 87.85. Conclusions Our method can be used for offline compression of vibrotactile data. For multi-interaction points in space, the trend similarity grayscale image can be reused, and the compression ratio is further reduced

Currently, many simulator systems for medical procedures are under development. These systems can provide new solutions for training, planning, and testing medical practices, improve performance, and optimize the time of the exams. Some premises must be followed and applied to the model under development, such as usability, control, graphics realism, and interactive and dynamic gamification, to make the best of these technologies. This study presents a simulation system of a medical examination procedure in the nasal cavity for training and research, using a patient’s accurate computed tomography (CT) as a reference. The pathologies that are used as a guide for the development of the system are highlighted. Furthermore, an overview of current studies covering bench medical mannequins, 3D printing, animals, hardware, software, and software that use hardware to boost user interaction, is given. Finally, a comparison with similar state-of-the-art works is made. The main result of this work is interactive gamification techniques to propose an experience of simulation of an immersive exam by identifying pathologies present in the nasal cavity such as hypertrophy of turbinates, septal deviation adenoid hypertrophy, nasal polyposis, and tumor.

The problem of visualizing a hierarchical dataset is an important and useful  technical in many real happened situations. Folder system, stock market, and other hierarchical related  dataset can use this technical for better understanding the structure, dynamic variation of the dataset. Traditional space-filling(square) based methods have advantages of compact space usage, node size  showing compared to diagram based methods. While space-filling based methods have two main  research directions—static and dynamic performance. We present a treemapping method based on  balanced partitioning that enables in one variant very good aspect ratios, in another good temporal  coherence for dynamic data and in the third a good compromise between these two aspects. To layout  a treemap, we divide all children of a node into two groups. These groups are further divided until we  reach groups of single elements. Then these groups are combined to form the rectangle representing  the parent node. This process is performed for each layer of a given hierarchical dataset. In one variant  of our partitioning we sort child elements first and built two as equal as possible sized groups from big  and small elements(size-balanced partition), which achieves good aspect ratios for the rectangles, but  less good temporal coherence(dynamic). The second variant takes the sequence of children and creates  the as equal as possible groups with-out sorting(sequence-based, good compromise between aspect  ratio and temporal coherency). The third variant splits the children sets always into two groups of  equal cardinality regardless of their size(number-balanced, worse aspect ratios but good temporal  coherence). We evaluate aspect ratios and dynamic stability of our methods and propose a new metric  that measures the visual difference between rectangles during their movement for representing  temporally changing inputs. We demonstrate that our treemapping via balanced partitioning out  performs state-of-the-art methods for a number of real-world datasets.